![]() In fact, the raptors that terrorized Jurassic Park were based on a Velociraptor relative: Deinonychus antirrhopus, a much larger dinosaur that inhabited North America in the early Cretaceous period, about 145 to 100 million years ago. And they likely hunted solo-using their claws to clutch rather than slash prey- when they roamed central and eastern Asia between about 74 million and 70 million years ago, during the late Cretaceous period. They grew up to 100 pounds, about the size of a wolf. Velociraptors were actually feathered animals. Read the original article.Velociraptors have been misunderstood ever since they were featured in Jurassic Park as giant scaly dinosaurs that hunted in packs and disemboweled prey with sickle-shaped claws. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Stephen Brusatte, at the University of Edinburgh, receives funding from National Science Foundation, European Commission. This opens up a whole new mystery for us to solve: why did wings evolve? Did they evolve for flight, or did they first develop for something else, and were later co-opted to be used as an airfoil? We don’t know the answer yet, but since new fossils of bird-like dinosaurs are being found at an incredible rate, maybe we’ll have it solved by the time the next Jurassic Park comes out. A big, short-armed animal probably wasn’t flying, so what was it doing with its wings? We don’t know for sure. It also has much shorter arms than Velociraptor or birds. ![]() Zhenyuanlong is fairly large for a close relative of birds, two metres long from snout to tail. It gives us new insight into this incredible moment in evolution. They are chapters in one of the greatest stories in the history of life: the evolutionary transition between fearsome carnivorous dinosaurs and their 10,000 feathered descendants that live on today, all over the world.Īnd this is why the discovery of Zhenyuanlong is really important. These small, fast-running, brainy predators are some of the closest relatives of birds. They fascinate me because they capture evolution in action. Far from being a scaly-skinned reptilian monster, Velociraptor would have been a fluffy, feathered poodle from hell.ĭinosaurs such as Zhenyuanlong and Velociraptor are some of my favourite fossils to study. Look at Zhenyuanlong and you see what the real Velociraptor would have been like. If you could see it alive you would probably make no distinction between it and, say, a turkey or a vulture. This is a dinosaur that looks just like a bird. Simple hairy filaments coat much of the body, larger veined feathers stick out from the tail, and big quill-pen-feathers line the arms, layered over each other to form a wing. It’s just the right environment for preserving the soft bits that usually decay before a fossil is formed. Its gorgeous chocolate-coloured skeleton was found by a farmer in 125-million-year-old rocks that were laid down in a quiet lake buried by volcanic ash. Our new dinosaur, Zhenyuanlong, is one of the closest cousins of Velociraptor. But because Velociraptor hasn’t been found in the perfect geological settings that fossilise soft tissues, we don’t know exactly what its feathers would have looked like.īut we have a better idea now, thanks to the discovery of a spectacular new dinosaur from northeastern China that I studied with my colleague, Junchang Lü of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. If you look at the arm bones of Velociraptoryou can see a row of bumps, identical in size and shape to the quill knobs of living birds: the anchor points for big wing feathers. ![]() Palaeontologists have known this for a while. That’s because the real Velociraptor was a lapdog-sized predator covered in feathers. What I didn’t like, however, was that the Velociraptors were depicted as big, drab-coloured, scaly brutes. I study dinosaurs for a living and it didn’t bother me to see Velociraptors being used as hunting dogs for the sake of good cinema. It’s a preposterous storyline of course, but very entertaining. Tens of millions of people have flocked to theatres this summer to see Jurassic World, an action flick “starring” a team of trained Velociraptors that hunt genetically modified dinosaurs on command of their human master. ![]() ![]() Editor's note: The following essay is reprinted with permission from The Conversation, an online publication covering the latest research. ![]()
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![]() ![]() ![]() Draft: Drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 3rd round of the 2021 MLB June Amateur Draft from Southeast Missouri State University (Cape Girardeau, MO). All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only. Positions: Starting Pitcher, Rightfielder and First Baseman. Many historical player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Baseball Statistics Rules (from Rule 10 of Baseball Rules & Interpretations) Softball Rules and Interpretations (from Rule 14 of Softball Rules & Interpretations) Baseball/Softball Scorebook (includes scoring rules sections) Volleyball Statisticians Manual. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. Some defensive statistics Copyright © Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. Total Zone Rating and initial framework for Wins above Replacement calculations provided by Sean Smith.įull-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports. Only one team, Atlanta, shifted on fewer than 18 percent of plate. Last year, that number rose to 34.1 percent. Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball. According to MLB’s Statcast data, teams shifted 12.1 percent of the time in 2017. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. NET Framework 4 (x86 and 圆4) Microsoft Data Access Components 2. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. The following prerequisites are required: Microsoft. ![]() The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. Logos were compiled by the amazing .Ĭopyright © 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. My thoughts on minor league baseball’s problems and potential solutions: Mark Appel (markappel26) February 15, 2022. We present them here for purely educational purposes. Reportedly, the salaries of Minor League Baseball Players in the US range from 19,910 to 187,200, with a median salary of 44,680. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. ![]() ![]() Or spend time now with prep work and level even faster.īelow is a collection of preparations I’ve main for my upcoming Draenei shaman, who will be my new raid main in TBC Classic.Īrmor & Weapons | Enchants | Consumables | Professions | Bags | Preparing vs Boosting You can forgo any preparations and still level fast. The leveling changes in TBC speed things up by ~30%. Leveling a new toon in Burning Crusade Classic will be easier and faster than leveling your first WoW Classic toon. Having a stash of items for your future Draenei shaman preparation is an ambitious, but time-saving effort you can do before pre-patch arrives. Is the Nature Resistance Catchup Gear Worth Getting?.Eastern Plaguelands and Silithus PvP Guide.Assembling Atiesh, Greatstaff of the Guardian.Naxxramas Preparation for Onyxia’s Bakery.Everything We Learned About TBC Classic During BlizzConline 2021.How Much Gold Do I Need for TBC Classic?.First 12 Things To Mail Your Draenei Shaman.Burning Crusade Classic and Patch 2.4.3.Fire Resistance for Leotheras the Blind.Nature Resistance for Hydross the Unstable.Frost Resistance for Hydross the Unstable.Burning Crusade Classic Phase 2 Attunement.Burning Crusade Classic Phase 2 Quick Start Guide.What Will NOT Be Available the First Day of Phase 5.Guild Raid Team Video for WotLK Classic.TBC Quests To Save On Your Death Knight for WotLK Classic.TBC Quests To Save for WotLK Classic Launch.Best Level 70 Glyphs To Make During Pre-patch.Cheaper Bags In WotLK Classic Pre-patch.Death Knight Setup Going Into WotLK Classic.Death Knight Two-handed Leveling Weapons.Frost Resistance for Naxxramas In WotLK. ![]() ![]() ![]() We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Chancres are typically painless and usually develop within 3 weeks of exposure, so the total testing window is about 4 weeks.īecause the development of syphilis varies from person to person, doctors often recommend retesting about 3 months after exposure. Blood tests can detect the bacteria within 1–2 weeks after the chancre appears. Syphilis usually begins with a sore on the genitals called a chancre. ![]() It is possible to get a positive test within a week of exposure, though some people need to wait up to a month. Many people do not have symptoms, but some may notice a discharge or burning sensation within 5–28 days of exposure. TrichomoniasisĪ doctor can test for trichomoniasis with a swab of the rectum, penis, or vagina. Early testing at 2 months may miss some cases, so a doctor may recommend retesting at 6 months. The hepatitis B testing window is 3–6 weeks, while the hepatitis C testing window is 2–6 months. Hepatitis C symptoms may appear as early as 2–6 weeks, but can sometimes take as long as 6 months.Ī blood test can look for both types of hepatitis. If they do appear, hepatitis B usually produces signs within 6 weeks to 6 months. In some cases, hepatitis B and C may not cause any obvious symptoms for years. This can detect HPV 3 weeks to a few months after exposure. The most reliable test is a Pap smear, which involves swabbing the cervix. If there are indications, they could appear months or years later. Instead, doctors may test for symptoms of the relatively rare cancers that HPV can cause, including penile cancer. While it is possible for males to pass human papillomavirus (HPV) on to a partner, the CDC have not approved a male test. The test may be positive within a month, and by 4 months, blood testing finds most cases. In some cases, however, symptoms can be so mild that a person does not notice them.Ī blood test can confirm a herpes diagnosis. On average, they present 4 days after exposure, and the typical range is 2–12 days. Gonorrhea symptoms usually appear from 1 day to 2 weeks after exposure. If a test is negative shortly after exposure, a doctor may recommend retesting 2 weeks later, particularly if a person has symptoms. Most tests can detect the infection within 5 days to 2 weeks of exposure. In some cases, they may also swab the urethra, anus, throat, or cervix to get a more reliable result. GonorrheaĪ doctor can test for gonorrhea with a urine sample. A test can normally detect chlamydia within 1–2 weeks of exposure. If symptoms appear, they usually present within 7–21 days of exposure. ![]() ChlamydiaĪ doctor can test for chlamydia by swabbing the vagina, cervix, rectum, or throat, or by taking a urine sample. A person can be confident they do not have HIV if they get a negative test during the window period and have no subsequent contact with someone who could have the virus. It takes the longest to get a reliable result, at 23–90 days after exposure. The antibody test uses a blood or saliva sample to look for HIV antibodies. It can get results 18–45 days after exposure. It also looks for an antigen that the body produces before antibodies appear. The antigen/antibody test, also a blood test, looks for HIV antibodies. It can indicate a positive result 10–33 days after exposure. 2–6 weeks for hepatitis CĪ nucleic acid test analyzes a blood sample for HIV. Pap smear in females only - no approved test for malesģ–6 weeks for hepatitis B. Test 2 weeks after treatment, or 2 weeks later after exposure if the first test is negative Swab of the anus, urethra, cervix, or throat Sores appear usually 1 week after exposureīlood or urine test. Blood nucleic acid test gives earliest resultsīlood or urine sample, or swab of the throat, rectum, cervix, or vagina Sexually transmitted diseases, 5(2), 51-56.Blood or saliva test. Dynamics and control of the transmission of gonorrhea. International journal of women's health, 3, 197. Gonorrhea infection in women: prevalence, effects, screening, and management. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 148(2), 82-89. Gonorrhea: Treatment update for an increasingly resistant organism. ![]() Female gonorrhea: its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis. Multidrug-resistant gonorrhea: A research and development roadmap to discover new medicines. ![]() |